Coral Grouper
Cephalopholis miniata
Type: saltwater, reef fish, benthic
Physical Characteristics
Vibrant reddish-orange to bright red body covered in small pale-blue or dark-edged blue spots. The body is robust and elongated with a rounded caudal fin and a slightly convex forehead.
Habitat & Distribution
Found in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Line Islands. They inhabit clear water coral reefs, often around crevices and caves at depths ranging from 2 to 150 meters.
Size & Weight
Standard adult length is typically 30-40 cm, though they can reach a maximum recorded length of 50 cm. Weight usually ranges between 1 and 2 kilograms.
Similar Looking Species
The Bluespotted Hind (Cephalopholis argus) is darker (brownish) with similar spots. The Tomato Hind (Cephalopholis sonnerati) has spots more concentrated on the head and lacks the intense red of the C. miniata.
Ecological Role
Acts as an important mid-level predator on coral reefs, helping to regulate the populations of smaller fish and crustaceans.
Diet
Carnivorous ambush predator. Their diet consists primarily of small reef fishes (such as Pseudanthias species) and occasionally benthic crustaceans like shrimp.
Behavior
Typically solitary and highly territorial, though they may form small harems consisting of one male and up to twelve females. They are diurnal hunters that rest in caves or shadows at night.
Reproduction
Protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning individuals typically begin life as females and can transition to males later in life. Spawning usually occurs in small groups or pairs on the reef.
Conservation Status
Least Concern (IUCN). Population trends are currently stable in many areas, though reef degradation and overfishing can pose localized threats.
Identification Tips
Look for the bright red color combined with numerous small, bright blue spots that cover the entire body and fins. The rounded tail and stocky grouper shape are diagnostic.
Interesting Facts
Also known as the Coral Hind. They are known to form interspecific hunting associations, sometimes following moray eels or octopuses to catch small prey flushed out of crevices.
Identified on: 6/16/2026
Mode: Standard