saltwater, benthic
Rockweed Gunnel
Pholis gunnellus
Elongated, eel-like compressed body with a long dorsal fin running most of the back containing sharp spines. Coloration is typically yellowish-brown or olive-green with distinctive dark, light-rimmed spots along the base of the dorsal fin.
- Habitat
- Found in shallow intertidal and subtidal coastal waters,…
- Size & weight
- Typically grows to about 15 to 25 cm in length, with a m…
- Diet
- Feeds primarily on small benthic invertebrates, includin…
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Physical characteristics
Elongated, eel-like compressed body with a long dorsal fin running most of the back containing sharp spines. Coloration is typically yellowish-brown or olive-green with distinctive dark, light-rimmed spots along the base of the dorsal fin.
Habitat & distribution
Found in shallow intertidal and subtidal coastal waters, inhabiting rocky areas, tide pools, and among seaweeds and kelp beds, often down to depths of about 30 meters.
Behavior
Solitary and secretive, spending daylight hours hidden under rocks, in crevices, or tangled in macroalgae to avoid predation. Highly adapted for wriggling through tight spaces.
Diet
Feeds primarily on small benthic invertebrates, including amphipods, isopods, small snails, and marine worms.
Reproduction
Spawns during the winter months, laying adhesive eggs in concealed clusters under rocks or in empty shells, where one or both parents often guard the clutch until hatching.
Ecological role
Acts as an important mid-level consumer in rocky shore ecosystems, serving as prey for various seabirds and larger predatory fish while controlling populations of small invertebrates.
Similar species
Other gunnels such as the Crescent Gunnel or Arctic Shanny, which can be distinguished by variations in facial markings, fin ray counts, and the specific pattern of spots along the dorsal fin.
Identification tips
Look for the very long continuous dorsal fin with sharp spines, the compressed eel-like shape, and the signature row of ocellated (eye-like) dark spots along the upper back.
Interesting facts
Rockweed gunnels can survive out of water for extended periods during low tide by hiding in damp seaweed and absorbing oxygen through their moist skin.